What Is The Process Of Biomass Carbonization?

Biomass charcoal is solid charcoal made from biomass by pyrolysis at high temperatures. Biomass charring needs to be operated under the conditions of air and oxygen isolation again. The biomass raw material is heated to: 300-600°C for thermal decomposition to obtain biomass char. At the same time, by-products such as wood vinegar liquid, methane and hydrogen are produced during the production process. Flammable gas and liquid products are obtained, thus making efficient use of biomass resources. Biomass needs to be carbonised using a continuous carbonisation furnace. Biomass charcoal is a renewable energy source, high calorific value, chemically stable and can replace traditional fuels.

Biomass Carbonisation Process

Raw Material Preparation

The raw materials for biomass can be any biodegradable material. For example: wood, rice husk, coconut shell, straw and other wastes. These raw materials need to be pre-treated first, such as: crushing, pulverising, grinding, drying, sieving, etc. to facilitate subsequent processing.

 

Carbonization Process

The biomass raw material is converted into char by high temperature heating treatment under oxygen-free and oxygen-poor atmosphere conditions. The biomass is fed into a continuous carbonization furnace via a conveying device. The temperature is gradually increased under oxygen-free and oxygen-poor conditions. If the temperature reaches 300-600°C, the biomass starts to undergo pyrolysis reaction. During the carbonization process, complex organic molecules are gradually decomposed into smaller molecular fragments . At the same time, volatile substances are released, including gases (carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, etc.) and liquids (tar, wood vinegar liquid, etc.). The final product is solid biochar. Some of the volatile products send secondary cracking reactions at high temperatures, and these reactions help improve the quality of the biochar and reduce harmful emissions. Eventually, the generated biomass char needs to be cooled and subsequently collected and stored. The gas generated can be recycled and utilised as fuel.

Chemical Changes During Carbonization

The rate of decomposition of bio-organic matter is very slow when the temperature of the continuous carbonization furnace reaches below 150°C. This process is mainly designed to evaporate the water in the biomass. At temperatures between 200 and 260°C, the hemicellulose starts to decompose and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced. At carbonisation temperatures between 270 and 360°C, wood-derived acetic acid and tar begin to be produced. When the temperature reaches between 360 and 400°C, thermal decomposition begins to occur, producing methane and hydrogen. The liquid produces methanol, tar, and acetic acid. If the carbonization temperature reaches 400°C, the carbon calcination stage is reached.


 

Tail Gas Treatment

The new carbonisation furnace is a new type of environmentally friendly and energy-saving carbon making equipment. The whole process does not produce harmful gases and does not pollute the outside environment. It can be equipped with a flue gas purification system, such as: RTO, second combustion chamber, CTO, activated carbon adsorption, UV photolysis and so on.

 

Through the above steps, the biomass material is transformed into biomass charcoal. This solid charcoal material with rich pores and high adsorption box. It can effectively improve the soil, sequester carbon, and reduce emissions. Additionally, it regulates the physicochemical properties of the soil microenvironment, thus improving soil fertility.

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