The continuous carbonization furnace is a device commonly used for carbonising wood pellets. It primarily controls the temperature, pressure, and atmosphere during the carbonization process to convert the organic matter in wood pellets into charcoal. The carbonization furnace can efficiently utilise wood resources from waste agricultural and forestry materials, thereby reducing environmental pollution.
It consists of multiple parts, including a feeding system, carbonization furnace, cooling system, exhaust system, and control system.
Feeding System: This system ensures the smooth and uniform conveyance of biomass pellets into the carbonization furnace.
Carbonization System: The carbonization furnace is the core component of the entire system. It controls temperature and atmosphere to facilitate the carbonization of wood pellets within a specified timeframe.
Cooling System: This system reduces the temperature of the charcoal and conveys the carbonised product through a conveying device to the finished product silo.
Exhaust System: This system handles the exhaust gases and residual heat generated during the carbonization process to achieve environmental protection and energy recovery objectives.
Control System: This system monitors and adjusts the entire equipment set. It can be equipped with a PLC-based intelligent control system.
Continuous carbonization furnaces are primarily used in the charcoal production industry, with the advantage of significantly improving production efficiency and product quality. The process flow primarily includes: pre-treatment, carbonization stage, gas recovery and treatment stage, and finished product collection and cooling.
Crushing and Screening: Raw materials must first have bark, leaves, etc., removed, then be crushed to a length of 30–50 mm. Uniform wood segments with a diameter ≤10cm are ensured for thorough carbonization.
Material drying: Moisture content is reduced to below 15%, achieved through drying machines or natural sun-drying. This prevents moisture evaporation from consuming additional heat during carbonization.
Low-temperature drying stage (100-200℃): Moisture is evaporated from the raw materials, taking approximately 20-30 minutes.
Medium-temperature pyrolysis stage (300–400°C): Thermal decomposition of wood fibres in the raw material, with volatile components (such as tar and wood vinegar) being released. Pyrolysis accounts for 60% of the total process time.
High-temperature carbonization stage (400–600°C): Formation of solid carbon, enhancing the calorific value and density of charcoal. Temperature can be precisely controlled within ±10°C.
Combustible gases (methane, hydrogen, etc.) produced during carbonization are condensed and separated, then recycled back into the combustion chamber to serve as an auxiliary heat source.
Harmful substances such as tar are treated via a spray tower + activated carbon adsorption process, achieving purification efficiency of over 95%.
The temperature of the charcoal upon exiting the furnace is approximately 80–100°C. The finished charcoal must be cooled to room temperature via water cooling or air cooling to prevent spontaneous combustion.
Screening and grading: Fragmented charcoal can be used for subsequent shaping and processing into mechanically produced charcoal rods.
In summary, the continuous carboniZation furnace is a crucial piece of equipment for environmental protection and energy conservation. It achieves efficient resource utilisation and environmental protection. With ongoing technological advancements and innovations, the continuous carbonization furnace will play an even greater role in the field of wood pellet carbonization.
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