Continuous Carbonization Furnace Design

In recent years, with the global pursuit of carbon neutrality goals and advancements in biomass resource utilisation technology, the application value of continuous carbonization furnace has become increasingly prominent across multiple sectors such as agriculture, environmental protection, and energy. A continuous carbonization furnace is an efficient and environmentally friendly pyrolysis carbonisation device. It can convert agricultural and forestry waste (such as straw, sawdust, wood chips, and fruit shells) into high-value-added products such as biomass charcoal, combustible gases, and wood vinegar. This article will comprehensively analyse the core advantages and development potential of continuous carbonization furnaces from multiple perspectives, including working principles, advantages and features, and application scenarios.

Continuous Carbonization Furnace Process Flow

The core of the continuous carbonization furnace is to thermally decompose biomass raw materials under high-temperature pyrolysis in an oxygen-deficient or oxygen-free environment. Its main workflow can be divided into the following stages:

1. Pre-treatment Stage: Biomass raw materials are crushed and dried, then uniformly fed into the carbonisation furnace via a conveying device.
2. Pyrolysis Stage: Under high-temperature conditions, the raw materials undergo thermal cracking reactions. This process produces biomass charcoal, combustible gases (methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.), and liquid by-products (wood vinegar, wood tar, etc.).
3. Gas Recirculation: The combustible gases are purified and can be used to heat the main body of the carbonisation furnace, achieving energy self-circulation and reducing reliance on external energy sources.
4. Discharge Stage: The carbonised biomass charcoal is discharged through a cooling system. Simultaneously, new raw materials can be continuously fed into the furnace, enabling continuous production.

Compared to traditional batch-type carbonisation furnaces, the continuous-type design significantly improves efficiency. Daily processing capacity can reach 10–50 tonnes, with a carbonisation rate stabilised at 30–40%.

Advantages and features of the continuous carbonization furnace

• High efficiency and energy savings: Utilises advanced combustible gas recovery technology. Thermal efficiency is improved by at least 30%, with energy consumption reduced by approximately 50%.
• Compliance with environmental standards: The entire pyrolysis process operates in a closed system. Exhaust gases are treated through multi-stage purification (e.g., water spraying, secondary combustion chambers, catalytic combustion) to meet emission standards. It complies with comprehensive emission standards for air pollutants. Research indicates that each tonne of biomass charcoal can sequester approximately 3 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.
• Automated control: Can be equipped with an intelligent control system to adjust carbonisation temperature, feed/discharge speed, carbonisation time, and other parameters in real-time, ensuring consistent product quality.

Continuous carbonization furnace application scenarios

Agricultural Sector

Soil improvement: Biomass charcoal enhances soil water retention and nutrient-holding capacity, reducing the need for chemical fertilisers.

Waste management: Addresses the challenge of burning agricultural waste straw. Each tonne of waste straw can produce approximately 300 kg of biomass charcoal after carbonisation.

Industrial Sector

Flammable gases can be used for boiler heating. Wood vinegar can be processed into organic pesticides or preservatives, creating diversified revenue streams.

Environmental Recycling

Recycling of electronic waste and other materials, such as paint removal from aluminium cans, thermal decomposition recovery of lithium batteries, and thermal decomposition recovery of solar photovoltaic panels. Thermal decomposition of electronic waste facilitates subsequent recycling and reuse.

The design of the continuous carbonization furnace prioritises durability and safety. The entire system is constructed using high-temperature materials, featuring a robust structure and excellent insulation performance, ensuring long-term stable operation and a long service life. The carbonisation furnace system is equipped with safety protection devices and alarm systems to effectively prevent equipment failures and safety hazards.

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