How To Convert Rice Husk To Charcoal?

Rice husks, as a by-product of rice processing, are often treated as agricultural waste. However, with the continuous development of biomass energy technology, the value of rice husks has gradually gained recognition. Rice husks can be converted into charcoal, which not only achieves the resourceful utilisation of waste but also provides new avenues for energy processes and environmental protection.
 

Principle of Rice Husk Conversion into Charcoal

The conversion of rice husks into charcoal essentially involves subjecting rice husks to high-temperature pyrolysis and condensation reactions under high-temperature, oxygen-deprived conditions. This process ultimately produces a solid finished product. The carbonisation process reduces the volume of rice husks while increasing their energy density, making rice husk charcoal an efficient and clean energy source.
 

Process Flow for Converting Rice Hulls into Charcoal

Drying: First, the collected rice hulls are dried using a high-temperature airflow dryer. Rice hulls contain a high moisture content, and if the material is not dried, the carbonisation process will produce a large amount of steam, thereby affecting the carbonisation effect. Professional wood chip dryers are commonly used for drying.
Carbonisation: The dried rice husks undergo carbonisation. Continuous carbonisation furnaces operate under oxygen-deficient or oxygen-free conditions. High temperatures cause the organic substances in the rice husk raw material to undergo pyrolysis reactions, producing biomass rice husk charcoal. The carbonisation process is typically conducted in continuous carbonisation furnaces, with carbonisation temperatures ranging from 500 to 800°C.
Cooling: After carbonisation, the finished rice husk charcoal must be cooled. The temperature of carbonised rice husks is high. If not cooled, contact with air can lead to fires or other safety incidents. The entire carbonisation furnace system is equipped with a cooling unit to efficiently cool the material.

 

Factors Affecting The Efficiency Of Rice Husk Conversion To Charcoal

The efficiency of rice husk conversion to charcoal is influenced by various factors, such as rice husk quality, carbonisation temperature, carbonisation time, and carbonisation method. The organic components in rice husks, such as cellulose and hemicellulose, undergo thermal decomposition at high temperatures to form gaseous and liquid products. Lignin is difficult to decompose and thus forms the final charcoal. The higher the lignin content in rice husks, the higher the efficiency of their conversion into charcoal.
In summary, the process of converting rice husks into charcoal is an important waste resource utilisation process. By improving the efficiency and quality of rice husk conversion into charcoal, we can effectively utilise rice husk biomass energy, contributing to energy supply and environmental protection.

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